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EMA recommendations go beyond the minimum standard. "The current specification is a maximum High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) rating of 520 microns. This number refers to the dimensions of a scar left behind after a 200g steel ball is rubbed on a steel disk submerged in the fuel over a 1mm stroke," Gault explains. The smaller the dimensions of the scar left behind, the better. "The specification sheet should include an HFRR rating. And while the maximum allowable is 520 microns, EMA recommends a maximum of 460 microns."

Biodiesel is a premium product that has an advantage in terms of lubricity. "Biodiesel can lead to increased longevity and less maintenance due to its added lubricity, which prevents premature engine wear and tear," says Pearson.

Housekeeping Impacts Quality
Cleanliness and housekeeping practices can have a major impact on fuel quality. "Fuel cleanliness cannot be emphasized enough," says Roger Gault, Engine Manufacturers Association. "Clean and dry fuel can significantly reduce fuel system problems and associated vehicle maintenance."

A critical part of ensuring quality is the housekeeping associated with the storage, distribution and sale of the fuel. "Maintaining a clean distribution system helps to ensure that a quality product can be produced in a factory, transported sometimes over a thousand miles and still delivered to the end user as a product that meets their needs," says Dave Harvey, Citgo. "A safe and reliable supply of quality fuel, as defined by ASTM D-975, is paramount to meeting the needs of the customers and their engines, and for providing satisfactory performance."

Over time, diesel fuel degrades. "If it is stored underground in a sealed tank, it will not significantly degrade over a period of a year," says Harvey. "This is provided that the tank does not contain water or sources for microbial infestation, which can degrade the fuel. Under conditions of wide temperature swings - such as in an above-ground tank that is vented to the atmosphere and not routinely checked for water - degradation can occur in a matter of weeks."